Abstract

FERNANDEZ, Nahir. LA DICOTOMÍA NATURALEZA/CULTURA Y EL ANTROPOCENTRISMO: CUESTIONES FILOSÓFICAS DEL GIRO ONTOLÓGICO. Comechingonia [online]. 2023, vol.27, n.3, pp.2-2. ISSN 1851-0027.

“Human nature” is a central concept for philosophical anthropology in all its epochs. Since Renaissance humanism was manifested an anthropocentric turn that highlighted the essential characteristics of the human. Later, scientific anthropology and sociology consolidated themselves as disciplines by demarcating the sphere of culture and society, respectively, as something different from the natural. Regarding human nature, it was common to find this division replicated in terms of the opposition between the innate (genes) and the acquired (environment). Nature and culture were thus presented as separate ontological and epistemological spheres. However, numerous criticisms have been directed towards these divisions from several fields of study. This article intends, in the first instance, to present the main features of the notion of human nature or human singularity within the framework of the nature/culture dichotomy, and its consequent use by some scientific disciplines. It is intended to show the link between anthropocentrism and the nature/culture dichotomy, since this is usually not fully explained in the surveyed bibliography. In a second moment, will be presented the various ways in which both concepts have been questioned and their intertwining from different perspectives such as biology, anthropology and contemporary philosophy. It will be explained to what extent the concept of Anthropocene implies a critique of the nature/ culture dichotomy, and to what extent posthumanism criticizes anthropocentrism. This differentiation has the objective of clarifying the use of these concepts and evaluating the tensions that they present. Finally, these ideas will be inscribed in a new current with an impact on archaeology: the ontological turn. This will be done from perspectives situated in Latin America, highlighting its political impact.

Keywords : human nature; nature culture dichotomy; anthropocentrism; Anthropocene posthumanism ontological turn.

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