Abstract

MIRANDA, Enrique N.. Physicists and chemists facing the emerging atomic theory. Rev. enseñ. fís. [online]. 2023, vol.35, n.2, pp.237-241.  Epub Dec 19, 2023. ISSN 0326-7091.  http://dx.doi.org/10.55767/2451.6007.v35.n2.43734.

The modern atomic theory emerged in 1808 with the work of Dalton, and following subsequent refinements, it found widespread adoption among chemists for elucidating chemical reactions. By the mid-19th century, it was employed to comprehend the structural characteristics of organic molecules within the domain of chemistry. In contrast, within the realm of physics, the atomistic conception of matter was just beginning to take its initial steps, championed by figures such as Maxwell and the kinetic theory of gases. Progressing along this trajectory, Boltzmann engaged with prominent contemporaneous figures who exhibited reluctance toward acknowledging the existence of atoms. Ultimately, at the turn of the 20th century, a series of experiments, notably those conducted by Perrin on Brownian motion, conclusively persuaded physicists of the reality of atoms. Intriguingly, the community of chemists had anticipated physicists by half a century in embracing the atomic theory. This article discusses and analyzes this curious story.

Keywords : Atomic theory; Scientific communities; Boltzmann; Mach.

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