Abstract

TENTI, María Mercedes. Workers in the political speeches of Vargas and Perón. Trab. soc. [online]. 2024, vol.25, n.42, pp.199-215.  Epub Jan 01, 2024. ISSN 1514-6871.

This paper deals with the governments of Getulio Vargas in Brazil and Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina (1930-1955), focusing on the study of the speeches of both leaders addressed to workers, in a comparative analysis between the discursive statements of both in which differences are observed in the way they address the addressees, the references to workers and the people and the friend-enemy relationship that mark dissimilar styles and ways of doing politics.

Regarding the speeches addressed to the workers and the interpretation of Perón's and Vargas' relations with these social actors, although similarities can be observed in terms of the forms of mobilization, their political intentionality and the role of the leaders as protectors of the working masses, there are notable differences in terms of the shaping of political and class identities.

The problems posed allow us to glimpse the characteristics of the populist regimes in both countries and, through the analysis of the rulers' discourses, to glimpse their manifest intentions in terms of the shaping of identifications and the adhesion of their followers. The comparative study makes it possible to distinguish similarities and differences that characterized one and the other, and political processes and actors, in similar times and contexts, which provide clues for an in-depth examination of the issues raised.

For sources, we resorted to the library of the National Congress and to the Peronist Archive and we made a sample of the speeches delivered on October 17th for the Argentine case and for the Brazilian case we appealed to documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and to the site of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies from where we selected speeches delivered annually on May 1st.

Keywords : Populism; Workers; Speeches.

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