Abstract

GONZALEZ, Paula N. et al. Biological anthropology and neurosciences: studies of the brain in the human lineage. Rev Arg Antrop Biol [online]. 2023, vol.25, n.1, e061.  Epub Jan 01, 2023. ISSN 1514-7991.  http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18536387e061.

The study of the structural and functional properties of the brain of Homo sapiens, and of other non-human primates, is a founding topic in the research tradition of biological anthropology. However, early questioning of the racial-typological perspective led to the abandonment of intraspecific analyses, strongly limiting their integration into neurosciences. This study presents a critical historical analysis of brain research carried out from biological anthropology and neurosciences-particularly in biomedicine-, with an emphasis on current human populations. Finally, we discuss some topics that could strengthen both areas. We conclude that the ontological and theoretical-methodological corpus developed within biological anthropology for the study of patterns of spatio-temporal variation in phenotypic and genetic traits, as well as the evolutionary processes and environmental factors that modeled them, could be a significant contribution to the studies developed by neurosciences.

Keywords : bioanthropology; biomedicine; neuroanatomy; biological variation; evolutionary theory.

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