Abstract

IMVINKELRIED, Horacio Omar; PIETROBON, Marianela; DELLAFERRERA, Ignacio  and  IMHOFF, Silvia. Effect of soil decompaction on soil physical properties and yield of wheat and soybean crop. Cienc. suelo [online]. 2019, vol.37, n.1, pp.01-10. ISSN 1850-2067.

Soils degradation in central-north region of Santa Fe province and the consequent loss of productivity of the agricultural systems is attributed to two main factors: soil compaction due to tillage and machinery traffic, and loss of chemical fertility. The technological practices of decompaction and fertilization has been propoused to reverse these problems, to increase the resources use efficiency and, consequence, the dry matter production and crop yields. The aim o of this study was to evaluate changes produced in the physical quality of the soil and the yield achieved in the sequence soybean-wheat during the growing seasons 2008/2009 (GS1), 2009/2010 (GS2) and 2010/2011 (GS3) in field conditions with two levels of compaction (decompacted 'd' and without decompacted 'wd') on a soil aquic argiudol in Esperanza (Santa Fe province, Argentina). The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks and three repetitions. Different scenarios differed from the view point of water; where they could be mentioned as: (i) GS1 for very dry to dry soybeans and wheat; (ii) GS2 wet for soybeans and good water reserve in the soil for wheat; (iii) GS3 moderately dry to wet to soybeans and wheat. The results indicate the persistence of the residual positive effect of the initial decompaction on soil resistance penetration (SR) and soil aeration porosity (Ap) after 3 years of work. The treatments -wd- showed a tendency of subsurface improvement in the values soil bulk density (Bd) and SR, which could be due to the effect of the roots of the wheat crop on the soil in the wheat / soybean sequence. The achieved yields improved under conditions d. The year strongly influenced the yield of rainfed crops.

Keywords : Soil bulk density (Bd); soil resistance penetration (RP); soil aeration porosity (Ap).