Background and aims

: Paspalum lilloi (Poaceae) is a diploid species, endemic of Iguazú Waterfalls and nearby areas. The reproductive biology and current geographical distribution of this species are poorly known. The aims of this work were to determine the genetic system and to delimit the endemism area and conservation status of the species.

M&M

: The genetic system was determined by cytoembryological analysis of ovules, viability and in vivo germination of pollen grains, pollen-pistils compatibility, fertility and flow cytometry of single seeds. Herbarium specimens and our collection sites delimited the geographical distribution.

Results

: Meiotic embryo sacs of Polygonum type were observed in all analyzed ovules. No evidence of apomixis was detected. The mean pollen viability and in vivo pollen germination was 95.2% and 41.8%, respectively. The pollen tube growth in the selfed stigmas was 59.2 ± 6.39 pm / 3h. Seed set in self-pollination was 93.6 % and decreased to 52.7 % when there was heterospecific pollen available. Seeds analyzed by flow cytometric seed screen showed an embryo: endosperm ratio 2:3 indicated a sexual origin. Paspalum lilloi is a reophile and rupicolous species, specialized in fast-moving waters of waterfalls and it is a critically endangered endemism of Iguazu Waterfalls, in South America.

Conclusions

: P lilloi is sexual, self-compatible and self-fertile species. Has a highly specialized habitat, which conservation will be a key step to avoid its extinction.