Abstract

HERNANDEZ RESTREPO, Michel; ALBA, Andrea  and  MORA RAMIREZ, Julián Camilo. Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) and Two Differential Diagnoses to Consider: Case Report and Literature Review. Rev. am. med. respir. [online]. 2022, vol.22, n.1, pp.70-80. ISSN 1852-236X.

Pulmonary complications associated with the transfusion of blood products are severe, potentially mortal adverse reactions. The transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the most common and with higher associated mortality. It is an underdiagnosed entity due to its unspecified symptoms, the absence of diagnosis-specific serum biomarkers and the fact that the evidence about its causes is still heterogeneous. The objective of this article is to document a clinical case of TRALI and then, basing on the current literature, consolidate key aspects for the timely identification of this disease and of two differential diagnoses within the context of transfusion of blood products and trauma: the transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) and fat embolism (FE). So, we pres ent the clinical case of a female young adult patient requiring a transfusion of blood products due to a polytraumatism whose clinical condition is compatible with TRALI; thus, the discussion includes epidemiological aspects, physiopathology, imaging findings and diagnosis. We conclude that it is necessary to provide healthcare professionals with scientific literature that favors the identification of these diseases basing on clinical, paraclinical and imaging criteria so as to reduce the risk of presentation and associated mortality.

Keywords : Transfusion-related acute lung injury; TRALI, Acute lung injury; Pulmonary edema; Transfusion reactions.

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