Abstract

JEREB, Silvia  and  AADYND. Grupo de Estudio Nutrición y Neurociencias. Subgrupo Neurocrítico et al. Immunonutrition in critically ill patient. Diaeta [online]. 2016, vol.34, n.155, pp.48-55. ISSN 1852-7337.

In the past decade, the modulation of the inflammatory and inmune response in the critically ill patient has been the main subject of multiple investigations, mainly due to its possible effects upon maintaining the tropism of the intestinal epithelium and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, improving the T cells function, inhibiting pro inflammatory factors, diminishing injury stress response, improving the nitrogen balance, optimizing wound healing and, above all, reducing the nosocomial infections rate and the length of hospital stay. Therefore, we carried out a literature review between 2005 and 2016 to analyze and evaluate the scientific evidence for the use of immune nutrients (such as glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, arginine and antioxidants) in the critically ill patients. Although the first studies have shown some clinical benefits, the latest multicentre studies have failed to define benefits in terms of mortality or other clinical results. Therefore, the current evidence shows that the administration of immune nutrients to the critical ill patients should not be recommended routinely.

Keywords : Immunonutrition; Critically ill; Glutamine; Arginine; Omega-3 fatty acids; Antioxidants.

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