Abstract

BANUS, Paula Lucía; COLOMBO, Eugenia; MANGIAFAVE, Vivián Antonella  and  ACOSTA, Seró Ommi. Knowledge, barriers and factors associated with sodium intake in hypertensive patients. Diaeta [online]. 2019, vol.37, n.168, pp.11-19. ISSN 1852-7337.

Introduction: sodium intake in patients with diagnosed hypertension could be influenced by socio-demographic and clinical variables, knowledge and barriers perceived at the moment of adopting a sodiumcontrolled diet plan. Objectives: to analyze association between daily sodium intake and barriers perceived to carry out a controlled-sodium diet plan, the level of knowledge about products with high sodium content, sex, age, body mass index (BMI) , and time since diagnosis in hypertensive patients. Additionally, to determine the proportion of inadequate knowledge about food products with high sodium content. Materials and methods: sodium intake was estimated in 156 patients from a food registry and a food frequency questionnaire; the level of knowledge and the barriers were determined through self-developed questionnaires. Results: the average sodium intake was 4228 mg (95% CI = 3892 - 4563 mg), equivalent to 10.57g of salt. Sodium intake correlated negatively with age (r = -0.26; p = 0.001) and positively with body mass index (r = 0.3; p = 0.000) and with perceived barriers (r = 0.4; p = 0.000). In addition, sodium intake was significantly higher (p = 0.025) in those who presented inadequate knowledge. As specified by the multivariate analysis, the final barrier score, sex and BMI could explain 30% of the variability of sodium intake in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: hypertension is a health problem related to current lifestyle, so approaches towards it should take into account the conditionings and determinants that influence on each patient.

Keywords : Hypertension; Sodium intake; Knowledge; Barriers; Body mass index.

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