Abstract

ABIB, Anabel; DEL VALLE, Elisa E; LAHAM, Gustavo  and  SPIVACOW, Francisco R. NEPHROLITHIASIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. Rev. nefrol. dial. traspl. [online]. 2019, vol.39, n.2, pp.126-133. ISSN 2346-8548.

ABSTRACT Renal lithiasis (RL) is a frequent disease whose prevalence has increased in recent years. Nowadays it is considered as a systemic pathology, not limited to the kidney and the urinary tract, but largely related to diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia and chronic kidney disease; all cardiovascular risk factors that are usually linked to severe events such as stroke, coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction. Numerous cross-sectional studies and meta-analysis have proved the association between RL and cardiovascular disease. In this review we will try to demonstrate the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these two entities. Three associations are mentioned. The first one refers to oxidative stress and inflammation. The second association refers to the presence of lithogenetic mechanisms contributing to vascular calcification. The last theory is the already known connection with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension; all risk factors for the development of RL as well as cardiovascular disease. Let us remember that RL is the cause, in 8% of cases, of the development of chronic kidney disease, another risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. In conclusion, the theory is confirmed: RL is not only a disease limited to the kidney and the urinary tract, it is also a systemic disease with a risk of cardiovascular events so severe that may lead to death.

Keywords : lithiasis; nephrolithiasis; renal stone; cardiovascular risk; cardiovascular events; risk factors.

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