Resumen

ROSSANIGO, C  y  PAGE, W. Evaluación de FAMACHA^© en el control de nematodes gastrointestinales en cabras de San Luis (Argentina). RIA. Rev. investig. agropecu. [online]. 2017, vol.43, n.3, pp.239-246. ISSN 1669-2314.

Among the diseases that cause a significant deterioration in goat production, gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes have a preponderant importance, especially those produced by Haemonchus contortus, dominant species in the center of Argentina and major significance for the losses it causes. In order to evaluate the control system FAMACHA© (FAM) in detecting anemia in goats from San Luis (Argentina), 42 animals were sampled in a breeding of goat kids located in Villa Mercedes (SL). During the summer months the presence or absence of anemia by the color of the ocular mucosa was determined according to the scale of the color chart FAM five degrees, hematocrit (Hem), body condition (BC), egg counts (epg) and nematode species present. The observations were performed on two groups of 21 animals: the G1 without deworming at the beginning of the trial and the G2 dewormed at the beginning of the summer season (routine treatment of field) with Ricobendazol adjusted to 15% goat’s dose. Animals with FAM grades 4 and 5 were dewormed with the same drug and dosage. The correlation between degrees of FAM, Hem and BC, such as sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp) and positive predictive values (PV +) and negative (PV -) using the Hem ≤19% was estimated to determine anemia. Stool cultures showed a prevalence higher than 64% on average of Haemonchus sp. in the study period. FAM grades 2 and 3 were the most numerous, and with higher hematocrit than those reported in the literature, while grades 4 and 5 were within the parameters of hematocrit considered anemic. The correlation coefficients (p <0.01) were: between Hem-FAM r = - 0.49 and r = - 0.40, epg-FAM between r = 0.38 and r = 0.19 and between BC-FAM r = - 0.51 and r = - 0.25 for G1 and G2 respectively. The S in both groups was greater (100%) when the FAM 3, 4 and 5 were used as positive criteria, however the Sp of both groups was higher (93% and 99% respectively) for positive criteria 4 and 5. In both groups, the VP- was always high (> 99.2%) demonstrating safety to diagnose true negatives. By contrast the VP + was low when considering positive the values 3, 4 and 5 probably due to the high percentage of false positives, but medium to consider positive values 4 and 5. At the end of the study the same burden of epg was observed between groups, although G1 used 41% less of anthelmintic compared to G2. FAMACHA© use in goats is a useful tool for controlling the haemoncosis, since it can detect and deworming herd animals that appear to be more sensitive to Haemonchus sp. (Selective treatments).

Palabras clave : Haemonchus contortus; Anemia; FAMACHA; Selective treatments.

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