Resumen

PINTO DOS SANOS, Venesa et al. WATER EROSION IN ONION CULTIVATION INFLUENCED BY SOIL MANAGEMENT AND GROUND COVER BY CROP RESIDUES. Cienc. suelo [online]. 2022, vol.40, n.2, pp.185-195.  Epub 21-Abr-2023. ISSN 1850-2067.

The cultivation of vegetables in general degrades the soil because it is necessary to adopt intensive me-chanical preparation operations. The objective of this research was to quantify soil losses (SL) and water losses (WL) by water erosion in the onion cycle in different types of soil and crop residue management, under simulated rainfall conditions, in 2017. Notillage treatments were studied: 1) furrows in the planting line on the corn residue (NTC); 2) furrows in the planting line over the soybean residue (NTS); 3) soil preparation with a plow + two harrowing + manual rake on the corn residue (SPC); 4) soil preparation with a plow + two harrowing + manual rake on the soybean residue (SPS); 5) soil preparation with one plowing + two ha-rrowing + manual rake without cultivation and uncovered (BS - control). Four simulated rains were applied to the treatments, each lasting 60 min and 65 mm h-1 of constant intensity, with a rain simulator with rotating arms of the thrust type. The total soil losses observed at the end of the four simulated rainfall applied in the treatments NTC, NTS, SPC, and SPS were respectively 1.35; 3.35; 7.36; 33.72; and 55.44 t ha-1. Soil losses verified in the NTC, NTS and SPC treatments were respectively 85%, 63% and 12% lower than the soil loss tolerance of 9 t ha-1 year-1The increase in soil cover by crop residues caused an exponential decrease in soil losses, while these losses increased exponentially with the increase in runoff velocity. Runoff water losses showed the same trend as soil losses, but with less dependence on soil management.

Palabras clave : notillage; conventional tillage; flow velocity..

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