References
1. Amoroso A, Demares D, Mollerach M, Gutkind G, Coyette J. All detectable high molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins are modified in high-level beta-lactam resistant clinical isolate of Streptococcus mitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:2075-81.
[ Links ]
2. Angeletti S, Dicuonzo G, Avola A, Crea F, Dedej E, Vailati F, Farina C, De Florio L. Viridans group streptococci clinical isolates: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry versus gene sequence-based identification. PLOS ONE. 2015;10:e0120502.
[ Links ]
3. Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, Barsic B, Lockhart PB, Gewitz MH, Levison ME, Bolger AF, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Fink AM, O’Gara P, Taubert KA, American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever.
[ Links ]
4. Berardinelli E, Lopardo H. Estreptococos del grupo Strep-tococcus anginosus. Parte II. Patogenia y sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Acta Bioquím Clin Latinoam. 2021;55:61-77.
[ Links ]
5. Berardinelli E, Rosanova MT, Lopardo HA. Estreptococos del grupo Streptococcus anginosus. Parte III.a. Epidemiología e infecciones de cabeza y cuello. Acta Bioquím Clín Latinoam. 2021;55:177-89.
[ Links ]
6. Berardinelli E, Rosanova MT, Lopardo HA. Estreptococos del grupo Streptococcus anginosus. Parte III.b. Infecciones en localizaciones diferentes de las de cabeza y cuello. Acta Bioquím Clín Latinoam. 2021;55:31-74.
[ Links ]
7. Bishop CJ, Aanensen DM, Jordan GE, Kilian M, Hanage WP, Spratt BG. Assigning strains to bacterial species via the internet. BMC Biol. 2009;7:3.
[ Links ]
8. Bourgault AM, Wilson WR, Washington JA2nd. Antimicrobial sus-ceptibilities of species of viridans streptococci. J Infect Dis. 1979;140:316-21.
[ Links ]
9. Chun S, Huh HJ, Lee NY. Species-specific difference in antimicrobial susceptibility among viridans group streptococci. Ann Lab Med. 2015;35:205-11.
[ Links ]
10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance stan-dards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, CLSI supplement M100. 31st ed. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI; 2021.
[ Links ]
11. Dekker JP, Lau AF. An update on the Streptococcus bovis group: classification, identification, and disease associations. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54:1694-9.
[ Links ]
12. Doern GV, Ferraro MJ, Brueggemann AB, Ruoff KL. Emer-gence of high rates of antimicrobial resistance among viridans group streptococci in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40:891-4.
[ Links ]
13. Gould FK, Denning DW, Elliott TSJ, Foweraker J, Perry JD, Pren-dergast BD, Sandoe JAT, Spry MJ, Watkin RW, Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Guide-lines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: a report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:269-89.
[ Links ]
14. Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I, Moreillon P, Antunes MJ, Thilen U, Lekakis J, Lengyel M, Müller L, Naber CK, Nihoyannopoulos P, Moritz A, Zamorano JL, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. Guidelines on the preven-tion, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:2369-413.
[ Links ]
15. Hakenbeck R, Brückner R, Denapaite D, Maurer P. Molecular mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneu-moniae. Future Microbiol. 2012;7:395-410.
[ Links ]
16. Heine AC, García S, Barberis C, Vay C, Mollerach M, Bonofiglio L, Famiglietti A. Identificación y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de aislados de estreptococos del grupo viridans provenientes de pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2019;51:26-31.
[ Links ]
17. Hess J, Holloway Y, Dankert J. Penicillin prophylaxis in chil-dren with cardiac disease: postextraction bacteremia and penicillin-resistant strains of viridans streptococci. J Infect Dis. 1983;147:133-6.
[ Links ]
18. Kaye D, Mc Cormack RC, Hook EW. Bacterial endocarditis: the changing pattern since the introduction of penicillin therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1962;1:37-46.
[ Links ]
19. Kilian M, Riley DR, Jensen A, Bruggemann H, Tettelin H. Parallel evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Strepto-coccus mitis to pathogenic and mutualistic lifestyles. mBio. 2014;5:e01490-1514.
[ Links ]
20. Klugman KP. Pneumococcal resistancetoantibiotics. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3:171-96.
[ Links ]
21. Lopardo H, Blanco A, Vigliarolo L, Gagetti P, Corso A, grupo colaborativo de la Red WHONET. Estudio multicéntrico nacional de resistencia a los antibióticos en estreptococos del grupo viri-dans. In: XIII Jornadas Argentinas de Microbiología. 2008.
[ Links ]
22. Lopardo H, Vidal P, Bottero D, Moviglia AM, Gobet LM. Is the diffusion method appropriate to determine the susceptibility to penicillin of viridans group streptococci? Resumen T-287. 3rd. European Congress of Chemotherapy, Madrid, May 7 -10, 2000. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2000;13 Suppl. 2:104.
[ Links ]
23. Lopardo H. Estreptococos del grupo viridans. In: Lopardo H, Predari SC, Vay C, editors. Manual de Microbiología Clínica de la Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Volumen I. Bacterias de importancia clínica. Parte II.a.2. Cocos gram positivos cata-lasa negativos. 2016. p. 132-74. www.aam.org.ar [publicación on-line].
[ Links ]
24. Miller MH, El-Sokkary MA, Feinstein SA, Lowy FD. Penicillin-induced effects on streptomycin uptake and early bactericidal activity differ in viridans group and enterococcal streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986;30:763-8.
[ Links ]
25. Mrazova M, Docze A, Buckova E, Bucko L, Kacmarikova M, Grey E, Korcova J, Koprnova J, Saboova Z, Beno P, Karvaj M, Svetlansky I, Ondrus A, Benca J, Taziarova M, Rudinsky B, Krcmery V Jr. Prospective national survey of viridans strep-tococcal bacteraemia risk factors, antibacterial susceptibility and outcome of 120 episodes. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37: 637-41.
[ Links ]
26. Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B, Miró JM, Fowler VG Jr, Bayer AS, Karchmer AW, Olaison L, Pappas PA, Moreillon P, Chambers ST, Chu VH, Falcó V, Holland DJ, Jones P, Klein JL, Raymond NJ, Read KM, Tripodi MF, Utili R, Wang A, Woods CW, Cabell CH, International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS) Investigators. Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169: 463-73.
[ Links ]
27. Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB. Infective endocarditis in adults. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1318-30.
[ Links ]
28. Paganini H, Staffolani V, Zubizarreta P, Casimir L, Lopardo H, Luppino V. Viridans streptococci bacteremia in children with fever and neutropenia: a case -control study of predisposing factors. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:1284-9.
[ Links ]
29. Pericas JM, Nathavitharana R, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Falces C, Ambrosioni J, Almela M, García-González J, Quintana E, Marco F, Moreno A, Bayer AS, Miró JM, Karchmer AW, Hospital Clínic Endocarditis Study Group. Endocarditis caused by highly penicillin-resistant viridans group streptococci: still room for vancomycin-based regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63:e00516-519.
[ Links ]
30. Potgieter E, Carmichael M, Koornhof HJ, Chalkey LJ. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of viridans streptococci isolated from blood cultures. Eur Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992;11:543-6.
[ Links ]
31. Radocha J, Paterová P, Zavrelová A, Vísek B, Gabalec F, Zemlicková H, Zák P. Viridans group streptococci bloodstream infections in neutropenic adult patients with hematologic malignancy: single center experience. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2018;63:141-6.
[ Links ]