Resumo

DUVAL, MATÍAS EZEQUIEL; CAPURRO, JULIA ESTER; GALANTINI, JUAN ALBERTO  e  ANDRIANI, JOSÉ MIGUEL. UTILIZACIÓN DE CULTIVOS DE COBERTURA EN MONOCULTIVO DE SOJA: EFECTOS SOBRE EL BALANCE HÍDRICO Y ORGÁNICO. Cienc. suelo [online]. 2015, vol.33, n.2. ISSN 1850-2067.

Cover crops (CC) are a good alternative to improve soil mulch and carbon (C) balance under no tillage with soybean monoculture (Glycine max L. Merr.), predominant in the Pampean Region. This study (2006-2011) evaluated the effect of winter CC -wheat (T), oats (A), vetch (V) and oats+vetch (A+V)- on water consumption, dry matter (MS) production and soil organic carbon contents (COT) using a control (Ct) without CC. Biomass production of the CC was closely related to rainfall recorded between the months of June and October. In general, T and A treatments contributed greater amounts of MS, on average, biomass production was 24 and 91% higher compared to A+V and V. The water cost of including CC was 13-93 mm compared to Ct. At soybean seeding, in general, Ct presented the highest water content. However, this treatment. Showed a loss of moisture by evaporation without biomass production, which is used by the CC to fix between 18 and 303 kg C ha^-1 mm^-1 depending on the conditions that year. The use of T, A and A+V increased the COT at a rate of 597 to 98 kg C ha^-1yr^-1 at 0-25 cm depth, while those without CC and with legumes (V) decreased 824 and 289 kg C ha^-1 yr^-1, respectively. For conservation or increase of the COT, use of A, A+V and T like CC would be a feasible option given that it exceeds the minimum source C input of 4.5 Mg C ha^-1 necessary to maintain the COT south of Santa Fe.

Palavras-chave : Wheat; oat; vetch; available water; total organic carbon.

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