Resumo

KRUGER, Hugo Ricardo; ZILIO, Josefina Paula; FROLLA, Franco Daniel  e  PEREZ, Elián Alberto Tranier. Climate, yield and wheat grain protein content in the semiarid region of Argentina. Cienc. suelo [online]. 2021, vol.39, n.1, pp.168-182. ISSN 1850-2067.

In order to establish nitrogen fertilization levels that promote yield increases and protein content compatible with the wheat quality standard, 18 experiments were carried out in the semi-arid area of the southwest of the Buenos Aires province between 2016 and 2019. At tillering five nitrogen (N) levels were applied: Control (mineral N in the 0-0.6 m soil layer, Ns), 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg N ha-1 determined as Ns + N of the fertilizer applied as broadcast urea up to the proposed level. At anthesis foliar fertilizer (20 kg N ha-1) was applied in half of each plot. N levels of 100 and 120N were enough to increase yields, but they only achieved protein standard with high soil fertility or with yield less than 2000 kg ha-1. In soils of medium fertility, levels of 140N were required to obtain yields greater than 3,500 kg ha-1 and comply with the standard. When some environmental effect depressed grain production, the standard was achieved without fertilization or with lower N levels. On average over N levels at tillering, fertilization at anthesis showed increases in protein content of 0.8 points but did not affect yield. At equal contribution of N, the division of the dose between tillering and anthesis did not affect grain protein content. This makes it possible to decide the last fertilization based on the state of the crop, the expected yield and shorter-term environmental forecasts.

Palavras-chave : Wheat production; fertilization; commercial quality; dryland.

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