Resumo

MOTTI, Josefina M. B et al. Diferenciación regional de poblaciones nativas de América a partir del análisis de los linajes maternos. Intersecciones antropol. [online]. 2017, vol.18, n.3, pp.271-282. ISSN 1850-373X.

Previously, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of Native Americans were typically grouped as only five haplogroups: A, B, C, D and X. However, advances in molecular techniques have allowed investigators to further delineate the existence of at least thirteen lineages differentiated before arrival in America. Definition of mitochondrial lineages with more restricted geographical distribution is currently in progress. In this study, 743 Control Region (CR) sequences obtained from nine extant populations from Argentina were analyzed through comparison to >6000 CR sequences of Native American lineages from throughout South America. Putative monophyletic groups (lineages) were identified based on the presence of shared mutation(s) and their geographical spread was examined. It is concluded that although multiple maternal lineages coexist today in each region - the product of different demographic processes - it is possible to identify lineages that were potentially associated with early moments of the settlement of the Americans due to their frequency and diversity. The scope and limitations of this type of methodological approach and its implications in relation to settlement hypotheses, with special emphasis on the Southern Cone, are discussed.

Palavras-chave : Phylogeography; mtDNA; South America.

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