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Revista argentina de cardiología
versão On-line ISSN 1850-3748
Resumo
MAS, Valentina D. et al. Predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Hypertensive Population. Rev. argent. cardiol. [online]. 2023, vol.91, n.6, pp.422-427. Epub 30-Nov-2023. ISSN 1850-3748. http://dx.doi.org/10.7775/rac.es.v91.i6.20710.
Background
. Cognitive status is considered a biomarker of vascular brain damage caused by hypertension (HTN). Screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential in patients with HTN.
Objectives
. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of predictors of MCI in hypertensive patients.
Methods
. We conducted an observational and cross-sectional study between 2015 and 2023. All the patients > 18 years treated in a clinic and who were evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were included. A score < 24 in the MoCA test was considered abnormal. Patients with motor or sensory impairment, psychiatric disorders, or illiteracy were excluded. Qualitative variables are presented as absolute frequencies and percentages, and the chi-square test was used to analyze their association. Quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were compared with the independent samples t-test. All the variables with statistical significance in the univariate analysis through forward selection were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
. A total of 129 patients were included (women-to-men ratio 2:1; mean age 60 years); 79.1% had stage 3 HTN, time from HTN diagnosis was > 20 years in 30.4%, 52.7% had complete primary education, 89.4% had overweight/obesity, 36.4% were smokers and 29.7% had mixed dyslipidemia. A score ≥ 24 in the MoCA was present in 65.1% and 34.9% had a score < 24. The logistic predictor model identified time from HTN diagnosis, mixed dyslipidemia and cerebrovascular disease as predictors of abnormal MoCA. A tertiary educational level had a protective effect.
Conclusion
. Identifying predictors of cognitive impairment is a priority to take preventive actions. In this study, time from HTN diagnosis, mixed dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular disease and educational level were associated with cognitive impairment.
Palavras-chave : Mild cognitive impairment; Hypertension; Montreal Cognitive Assessment.