Resumo

CASTRO ALTUNA, Antonio Alexander; CALLE DELGADO, Catalina Alexandra  e  CADENA MOSQUERA, Santiago Ramiro. Neumomediastino y neumotórax espontáneo en una paciente con dermatomiositis, de un caso y revisión de la literatura. Rev. amer. med. respiratoria [online]. 2013, vol.13, n.2, pp.95-101. ISSN 1852-236X.

Pulmonary manifestations contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, which include two large conditions, polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). These are a heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases, in which the muscle is the target of an inappropriate immune-mediated destruction. Its main features are muscle weakness and identification of underlying inflammation on muscle biopsy. Although the main target organ is skeletal muscle, also skin and lungs, among other organs, are often affected by the so-called inflammatory myopathies systemic diseases. Pulmonary involvement is increasingly recognized as a serious complication and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in these diseases. Pulmonary complications include aspiration pneumonia, hypoventilation, interstitial lung disease and in particular spontaneous pneumomediastinum of which about 3 cases have been reported in the world in patients with a previous diagnosis of both polymyositis and dermatomyositis . The spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign clinical entity of unknown origin that affects especially, but not exclusively, young people. It is sometimes explained by alveolar rupture caused by the presence of honeycomb due to a peripheral parenchymal interstitial disease, without having a previous history of chest trauma.

Palavras-chave : Pneumomediastinum; Polymyositis; Dermatomyositis; Subcutaneous emphysema; Pulmonary fibrosis.

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