Resumo

DE VITO, Eduardo L. Control of Ventilation and Regulation of Acid-Base Status from Fish to Man. Rev. am. med. respir. [online]. 2022, vol.22, n.4, pp.424-433. ISSN 1852-236X.  http://dx.doi.org/10.56538/ramr.uufv3942.

This article analyzes certain evolutionary aspects of gas exchange, lung development, the respiratory pump, the acid-base status and control of ventilation in relation to a significant event: the passing from aquatic to terrestrial life. By studying this, we can understand certain aspects that are present in the clinical practice: Why do people with extreme respiratory muscle weakness breathe as frogs? (frog breathing); why do newborns with breathing difficulties have nasal flaring and expiratory grunting?; how is it possible that abdominal muscles, which are typically expiratory, assist with inspira tion in cases of diaphragmatic paralysis?; why does the breathing pattern of respiratory failure has less variability and becomes more rigid? and, finally, is it possible to imagine a neutral pH that doesn’t have the 7.0 value?; what’s the use of this knowledge, and how should gases in hypothermia be interpreted?

Water-to-land transition is one of the most important and inspiring major transitions of vertebrate evolution. Given the amazing diversity of living organisms, it is tempting to imagine an enormous amount of evolutionary adaptation processes to solve the different challenges of living on earth faced by each species. There are certain early development processes that share some crucial factors, and some of the close and distant gene regulatory networks are conserved. We are witnesses of clinical findings that serve as testimony of the species that lived in remote times and left us their evo lutionary history.

Palavras-chave : Acid-base equilibrium; Hypothermia; Imidazole; Biological evolution; Respiratory paralysis; Respiratory center.

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