Resumo

PAGOTTO, Vanina Laura; POSADAS MARTINEZ, María Lourdes; SALZBERG, Susana  e  POCHETTINO, Pablo Andrés. Incidencia de recién nacidos grandes para la edad gestacional y su asociación con diabetes mellitus gestacional y obesidad maternas. Estudio de cohorte en un hospital de Buenos Aires. Rev. Soc. Argent. Diabetes [online]. 2022, vol.56, n.3, pp.101-107. ISSN 0325-5247.

Introduction:two terms are used to describe excessive fetal growth: “large for gestational age” (LGA) and “macrosomia”. LGA generally implies a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile for a given gestational age.

Objectives: to estimate the incidence of LGA newborns and to assess whether obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated factors.

Materials and methods: retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with and without GDM and their live newborns between 2015-2018 evaluated at the Italian Hospital in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The incidence of LGA and macrosomia newborns is presented as percentages and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), as well as their complications. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess whether GDM and obesity are factors associated with LGA newborns.

Results: the incidence of LGA was 15.9% (IC 95%; 14.1-17.9) and of macrosomia 6.7% (IC 95%; 5.5-8.1). The incidence of LGA newborns was higher in women with GDM and obesity. Obesity represented a higher risk per se with and without association with GDM. Obesity, in the presence of GDM, increases the chance of LGA newborns compared to women with GDM and without obesity (OR 2.41; p<0.001).

Conclusions:diabetes and maternal obesity increase the risk of LGA. It is important to implement preventive measures and interventions on women of childbearing age with the aim of promoting the health of the mother and her offspring.

Palavras-chave : fetal macrosomia; gestational diabetes mellitus.

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