Resumo

KAN, Julián. From above and from below: Governments, ruling class and labor and social movements in the redesign of the Latin:American integration. Trab. soc. [online]. 2016, n.26, pp.193-224. ISSN 1514-6871.

At the beginning of the 21st century the Latin America countries left aside the commercialist perspective concerning their area of entailment, giving way to a repoliticization of the regional integration. This occurred due to the fact that some governments began to question, in major or minor depth, the political and economic neoliberal scene of the decade of nineteen-ninety. Nevertheless, from a critical outlook on the projects of regional integration like the MERCOSUR and the negotiations for the FTAA and of the international relations in general, we understand that the decisions of the governments in foreign and regional policy are in keeping with the most general social relations. In consequence, we propose to analyze here the relationship between civil society and regional integration, approaching stances and actions of diverse fractions and sectors of the dominant and subaltern classes which had influence on the redesign of the Latin-American integration. The hypothesis that guides this paper is that that redesign, in particular the reorientation towards the MERCOSUR and the rejection of the FTAA, were a result of both the challenging "from above" by the questioning of the dominant local classes, and also of the challenging "from below", that is to say, of the labor and social movements of the region.

Palavras-chave : Work; Emerging factors; Suffering-happiness.

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