Resumo

GARITA-ONANDIA, Yaín et al. Migration patterns and levels of genetic diversity of maternal lineages in the population of La Esperanza, Jujuy province. Rev Arg Antrop Biol [online]. 2021, vol.23, n.2, 033.  Epub 14-Jul-2021. ISSN 1514-7991.  http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18536387e033.

The present work aims to contribute to the knowledge of the population history of La Esperanza, Jujuy, on the basis of the study of the diversity and relative distribution of mitochondrial DNA lineages, on a population sample of 94 individuals. The genetic affinities between the maternal lineages found in La Esperanza and 43 South American populations were analyzed using the data obtained from the literature. The results show that Native American lineages constitute 100% of the sample, with B2 being the most frequent haplogroup (45%), followed by D1, A2 and C1 with a contribution of 22%, 17% and 16%, respectively. Finally, only one individual presented the D4h3a lineage.

Interpopulation distance analysis reveals low distance values with Quechuas from Huancavelica, Avá Guaraní and Pilagá Quechua samples. The discriminant analysis shows, in general, a high percentage of correct classification of the populations in the groups to which they were previously assigned, which reflects the strong geographical structure of genetic variation. In the case of La Esperanza, the classification placed this sample in the Chaco group, both when it was previously assigned to the Chaco or Northwestern Argentina groups, as well as when no group was previously assigned. The phylogeographic analysis showed genetic links with other Northwestern Argentina populations, particularly from Jujuy and Salta and, to a lesser extent, with Gran Chaco populations. The results obtained from this research reflect the history of a population that emerged mainly around sugar mills and from the migratory contribution from neighboring regions of Argentina and bordering countries, which ensured the availability of labor over time and led to the formation of a population with high genetic diversity.

Palavras-chave : mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; northwest Argentina.

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